CDS (2) 2023 English Paper & Solution

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Serial No. Test Booklet Series : C

CDS (2) 2023

ENGLISH

(Paper with Solution)

Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS

1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS, ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.

2. Please note that it is the candidate’s responsibility to encode and fill in the Roll Number and Test Booklet Series A, B, C or D carefully and without any omission or discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR Answer Sheet. Any omission/discrepancy will render the Answer Sheet liable for rejection.

3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in the Box provided alongside. DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.

4.This Test Booklet contains 120 items (questions). Each item comprises four responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case, you feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.

5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in the Answer Sheet.

6. All items carry equal marks.

7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test Booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your Admission Certificate.

8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet.

9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.

10. Penalty for wrong Answers: THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.

(1) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.

CLOZE COMPOSITION

Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the answer sheet accordingly.

Objectives,ideology, programmes, leadership, and organisation are important_______1. (a) constituent (b) components

(d) ingredient

of social movements. They are interdependent,__________ 2. (a) opposing

(b) effecting

(d) influencing

each other. The objectives of the movement change from _________ 3. (a) wide

(b) scanty

(d) confine

articular local issues to broad aims________ 4. (a) for

(b) by

(d) and

social transformation. Sometimes a movement which begins with broad objectives may in the process get_______ 5. (a) turns into

(b) turn out

(d) bogged out

with one or two particular issues. Ideology also__________ 6. (a) went

(b) proceeds

(d) undergoes

for change. It provides direction for evolving strategies and programmes; and also keeps the participants together by developing feelings of ‘we-ness’. Various strategies and programmes are evolved to_________ 7. (a) mobilized

(b) mobilise

(d) matured the people. They__________8. (a) threaten

(b) bluster

(d) sustain the movement for a long period. Leadership 9. (a) where

(b) which

(d) more initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement plays a crucial role in_________10. (a) supersedes

(b) assumption

(d) supposition

ideology and objectives, evolving strategies and programmes and maintaining the spirit of the participant.Top of Form

PREPOSITIONS

Directions: In this section, each of the following sentences has a blank space followed by four options. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

11. He persevered___________difficulties.

(a) despite of

(b) because of

(d) in spite of

12. He walked slowly________his bandaged leg.

(a) though

(b) because of

(d) in spite of

13. He accepted the car_________ his claim for 50,000.

(a) in spite of

(b) in lieu of

(d) in front of

14. I’ll phone you sometime _____the afternoon.

(a) on

(b) at

(d) into

15. He raised several questions_______ the future of the organisation.

(a) concern to

(b) concerned for

(d) concerned with

16. He is the gentleman whose name is written______ the board.

(a) that

(b) with

(d) on

17. _______ his negligence the company suffered a heavy loss.

(a) In accordance with

(b) Instead of

(d) In front of

18. __________the resistance offered by the culprit, he was arrested by the police.

(a) Regarding

(b) Respecting

(d) Considering

19. ___________his illness, he could not finish the work on time.

(a) Subsequent for

(b) As a consequence of

(d) On account

20._________ rope ladders they scaled the wall.

(a) By means of

(b) Throughout the

(d) By way

SPOTTING ERRORS

Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response on the answer sheet against the corresponding letter, i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).

21. You should (a) read the newspaper regularly (b) to be update with current affairs (c) No error (d)

22. Our grandparents (a) will be visited (b) by us this weekend (c) No error (d)

23. However, the task is from done, (a) particularly in ensuring equity in (b) the distribution of quality education (c) No error (d)

24. Looking ahead, the university (a) is expunging revenue generation (b) opportunities to add more facilities for students and staff (c) No error (d)

25. If you are interested in (a) applying for the job, your application (b) must received by Friday (c) No error (d)

26. Perhaps the biggest threat today (a) is the impact of climate change on food (b) systems and livelihoods of poor farmers (c) No error (d)

27. In such a volatile global environment, (a) it is heartening that India (b) demonstrated admirable resilence and achieved robust recovery (c) No error (d)

28. Write an email to your friend (a) expressing you regret for not being able (b) to attend his birthday party (c) No error (d)

29. Migrating elephant herds appear like (a) West Bengal so much that they spend more (b) time here than in the neighbouring states from where they cross over (c) No error (d)

30. Trucked neatly under the pile of clothes (a) in the cupboard are the letters written (b) by my mother to my father thirty years ago (c) No error (d)

SYNONYMS

Directions: Each item in this section consists of a sentence with an underlined word followed by four words/group of words. Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the answer sheet accordingly.

31. His views on the matter are utopian.

(a) realistic

(b) ideal

(d) materialistic

32. The shortage of funds will render nugatory the implementation of reform policies.

(a) explicit

(b) implicit

(d) composite

33. He first convulsed and then collapsed on the floor.

(a) shivered

(b) crouched

(d) cried

34. We must not become complacent about the progress of the technology.

(a) discontented

(b) contented

(d) unsure

35. The employees rejected the derisory pay offer.

(a) partial

(b) full

(d) inadequate

36. They successfully defused the situation.

(a) mitigated

(b) mediated

(d) narrated

37. The business floundered during the pandemic.

(a) faced many problems

(b) glided through

d) succeeded

38. His speeches were models of brevity.

(a) lengthiness

(b) concision

(d) exemplary

39. He was too obtuse to understand the merits of the case.

(a) sensitive

(b) careful

(d) dull

40. No one knew what transpired during the meeting.

(a) emerged

(b) exchanged

(d) merged

ORDERING OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE

Directions: Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence has four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.

41. P-was gradually engulfing the society with its concomitant

Q-one could not overlook the diminishing religiosity which

R-while plays with mythological content continued to be in vogue

R-implication for the stage from the third decade of the twentieth century

(a) PQRS

(b) RQPS

(d) QRPS

42. P-defends private property, emphasizes the virtues of competition

Q-but also as an ideology in its own right, specifically one that

R- and suggests that general prosperity will result from the pursuit of self-interest

S-capitalism, for instance, is sometimes treated not merely as an economic system

(a) PQRS

(b) SRQP

(c)SQPR

(d) QRSP

43. P-the equality provisions in the Constitution

Q- nor are they confined to individuals as bearers of rights

R- are not merely anti-discriminatory, based on the assumption of neutrality

S-of the state towards all citizens

(a) PRSQ

(b) SQRP

(d) RQSP

44. P-learning-teaching process continued seamlessly

Q-but it took it in its stride, pulling through enough

R-innovations to ensure that the

S-the pandemic year was a challenge for the university

(a) PQRS

(b) QPRS

(d) SPQR

45. P- proscribed at the slightest hint of any seditious intent

Q- the Dramatic Performances Act effectively marked the end of direct

R- political activism what little had been demonstrated

S- in the Bengali public theatre although some plays continued to be

(a) SPRQ

(b) SRQP

(d) QRSP

46. P- moderation and compromise may mean that multiparty

Q- a final problem is that the tendency towards

R- are unable to offer clear ideological alternatives

S- systems are so dominated by the political centre that they S.

(a) PQRS

(b) QPSR

(d) SQRP

47. P-even after an offence has been committed

Q- provisions for women still is dependent on the observations

R- of the rules of procedure and evidence by the implementing agencies

S- the criminal justice administration with all its favourable

(a) PSQR

(b) PQSR

(d)SQRP

48. P- similar contents to earn more revenues

Q- the theatre management appreciated

R- the popularity of such themes

S- and emphasised staging plays with

(a) QRSP

(b) QRPS

(d) PSQR

49. P- the supreme court in its majesty

Q- Article 21 which deals with the right to life

R- and magnanimity has expounded

S-profoundly the semantic sweep of

(a) PSRQ

(b) SPQR

(d) PRSQ

50. P-of unpopular policies or a discredited leader or government

Q-one of these is that in focussing on the legitimacy of a political

R-in which political authority is challenged as a result

S-regime or system of rule tells us little about the circumstances

(a) PQRS

(b) SPQR

(d) QSRP

IDIOMS AND PHRASES

Directions: Each of the following questions has underlined idioms/phrases. Each sentence is followed by four options. Choose the option that best describes the meaning of the underlined idiom/phrase.

51. I always preferred to study Physics and Mathematics, now choosing Economics and Literature for further studies is another kettle of fish.

(a) Completely different matter

(b) Slightly different matter

(d) Doing things in a hurry

52. He criticised the participants for sitting on the fence and not contributing in finalising the report.

(a) Not following the rules

(b) Taking sides

(d) Showing no respect to the Chair

53. He strained every nerve to understand the discourse on Philosophy.

(a) Tried hard

(b) Criticized

(d) Raised questions

54. When it comes to using technology, she is completely at sea.

(a) Relaxed

(b) Confused

(d) Prepared

55. He is not a great scholar but he has the gift of the gab.

(a) Ability to write creatively

(b) Ability to read fluently

(d) Ability to speak confidently

56. This car belonged to Ravi, but recently it changed hands.

(a) Change of ownership

(b) Change of driver

(d) Change of machinery

57. He turned down the new assignment; he felt that he already had too many irons in the fire.

(a) Having involvement in illegal activities

(b) Having problems in completing tasks

(d) Having multiple tasks to complete

58. Something should be done to stop the brain drain of Indian scientists to other countries.

(a) Movement of professionals to another country for higher studies

(b) Movement of professionals to another country for better prospect

(d) Movement of professionals to another country for excursion

59. I just need to take rest and then I’ll be as right as rain.

(a) To be in good mental and physical state

(b) To be physically active

(d) To be able to work for long-hours

60. It is all Greek to me.

(a) Something which I don’t believe

(b) Something which I don’t accept

(d) Something which I don’t under- stand

PARTS OF SPEECH

Directions: Match the underlined word in each of the following sentences with the correct parts of speech and indicate your response on the answer sheet accordingly.

61. The artist pranced around the stage singing enthusiastically.

(a) Noun

(b) Adjective

(d) Verb

62. Put the fork and knife in the cutlery box.

(a) Preposition

(b) Verb

(d) Determiner

63. She came slowly up to the main door.

(a) Adjective

(b) Adverb

(d) Pronoun

64. Oh no! I am getting late for the function.

(a) Preposition

(b) Article

(d) Interjection

65. They are all going to attend the function.

(a) Noun

(b) Adverb

(e) Pronoun

(d) Conjunction

66. The sun shone through the dull grey clouds.

(a) Noun

(b) Adverb

(d) Adjective

67. The Principal is presiding over the meeting.

(a) Verb

(b) Noun

(d) Preposition

68. Cash machines permit people to withdraw money at any time.

(a) Verb

(b) Noun

(d) Adverb

69. The novel is loosely based on his childhood in England.

(a) Verb

(b) Adverb

(d) Adjective

70. Since children have so much homework to do their playtime is very limited.

(a) Verb

(b) Adjective

(d) Noun

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Directions: In this section each of the following sentences has a blank space and each sentence is followed by four options. Select the most appropriate option to fill the blank space.

71. Another version of the play based on the text was re-enacted successfully after the prosecution and eventual_______ of enacting the play in public theatre by the Government.

(a) prescription

(b) proscription

(e) proscribing

(d) screening

72. Ravi remembers the year when there was a _________ flood.

(a) ravage

(b) devastating

(d) ameliorative

73. Davis is not sure whether he should______ the forest guest house after dark.

(a) stay

(b) leave

(d) leaves

74. They ______ as responsible people do during the difficult situation.

(a) behaves

(b) behaved

(d) belief

75. Criminal law has taken long _______ in facilitating access to justice for women by making various provisions.

(a) stand

(b) strides

(d) walk

76. Many laws have been made to deal with the problems of_________ against women.

(a) offences

(b) terror

(d) difficulties

77. A person purchasing goods and services for commercial purposes will also not come under the _______ of this act.

(a) review

(b) view

(d) purview

78. The emergence of a sovereign Indian nation was_______ on the notion of equality.

(a) promised

(b) looked

(d) depend

79. In Manipur, the most important piece of literary work that continues to _______ a sense of patriotism is ‘Khongjom Parva’.

(a) instil

(b) install

(d) installed

80. Women’s autobiographies in the post- Independence period can be seen as _______ of their literary interest.

(a) subsistence

(b) insistence

(d) dependence

COMPLETION OF SENTENCE

Directions: In this section, each sentence is incomplete and is followed by four options. Select one of the four options to complete the sentence.

81. He is diligent; therefore__________

(a) he will not succeed

(b) he can’t succeed

(d) he succeed

82. A bomb went off in the city centre, but fortunately__________

(a) only few hurt

(b) somebody was hurt

(d) everybody was hurt

83. Each of the scholars _________

(a) have done well

(b) has done well

(d) will done well

84. He asked whether either of the brothers_________

(a) were at home

(b) are at home

(d) have come home

85. One cannot be too careful of _________

(a) his good name

(b) their good name

(d) one’s good name

86. The applicant is the native of this country, so he has the right ________

(a) to have vote.

(b) to vote

(d) at vote

87. No sooner had he returned _________

(a) than he was off again

(b) but he was off again

(d) thence went away

88. Fortunately the news _________

(a) wasn’t as bad as we expected

(b) weren’t as bad as we expected

(d) happened with as bad as we expected

89. When I was on holiday,_______

(a) my whole luggage were stolen

(b) my part luggage was stolen

(d) my some luggage was stolen

90. I got up very early,________

(a) but Jack got up much before

(b) but Jack got up even before

(d) but Jack got up even earlier

COMPREHENSION

Directions: In this section you have TWO short passages. After each passage, you will find some items based on the passage. First, read a passage and answer the items based on it. You are required to select your answers based on the contents of the passage and the opinion of the author only.

Passage – I

What is truth? said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer. Certainly there be, that delight in giddiness, and count it a bondage to fix a belief; affecting free-will in thinking, as well as in acting. And though the sects of philosophers of that kind be gone, yet there remain certain discoursing wits, which are of the same veins, though there be not so much blood in them, as was in those of the ancients. But it is not only the difficulty and labour, which men take in finding out of truth, nor again, that when it is found, it imposeth upon man’s thoughts, that doth bring lies in favour; but a natural though corrupt love of the lie itself. One of the later school of the Grecians, examineth matter, and is at a stand to think what should be in it, that men should love lies; where neither they make for pleasure as with poets, nor for advantage, as with the merchants; but for the lie’s sake. But I cannot tell; this same truth, is a naked, and open day-light, that doth not show the masks, and mummeries, and triumphs, of the world, half so stately and daintily as candle- lights. Truth may perhaps come to the price of a pearl, that showeth best by day; but it will not rise to the price of a diamond, or carbuncle, that showeth best in varied lights. A mixture of a lie doth ever add pleasure. Doth any man doubt, that if there were taken out of men’s minds, vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one would, and the like, but it would leave the minds, of a number of men, poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves?

91. What is the writers’ idea of ‘truth’ in the paragraph?

(a) Truth and divinity go hand-in- hand

(b) Truth can be told and avoided conveniently

(d) Truth may be a choice of ancient Grecians

92. Why do men love lies?

(a) For advantage

(b) For the love of lying

(d) A lie is imaginative

93. Which metaphor is used in the passage to compare the value of truth and lies?

(a) Pearls versus diamonds

(b) Beauty versus plain unadorned truth

(d) Deception versus sincerity

94. What literary device does the author use when he says, “truth is naked”?

(a) symbolism

(b) personification

(d) paradox

95. What would happen if truths were not mixed with lies?

(a) There would not be any pleasure in the pursuit of truth

(b) Truth would be clear and un- diluted

(d) The beauty of truth would shine forth

Passage – II

The ‘law’ is an enterprise that seeks to rule us all from cradle to the grave, whether as constitution confronting custom, or as custom confronting constitution, and often indeed as the diverse combinatory prowess of both. The very notion of enterprise suggests risk- taking i.e., risk as a site for both opportunity as well as failure for regulation or felicitation of approved social conduct. At the same moment, this coupling of the constitutional and custom is at the outset designed to pluralise the notion of legal literacy, a message yet to be fully constructed and conveyed co-equally to those who govern us and those who would resist domination. As citizens, we are supposed to know the law made by the state, whether we intend to obey it or break it. As members of cultural and religious communities, we also need to know the norms that define our membership of these collectives. Often, our identity and obligations as members of a political society and of diverse memberships within cultural and religious communities constitute spheres of peaceful coexistence. Often, too these collide. To decide what obligations ought to have precedence, each one of us in collision situations has to know a great deal about the law of the state and that constituting community and identity other than the political. Literacy in state law is important but never enough for an understanding of multiple sources of obligations that constantly press upon us. This invites engagement with many difficult questions including what we may want to mean by literacy, law, domination, and resistance. Further, the question always is: how far do resources of legal literacy endow us with resources of justice for all and care of self and care for others?

96. According to the author, legal literacy

(a) needs to be interpreted and understood in consonance with elements of social custom and justice

(b) needs to be interpreted and understood in consonance with elements of economic and psychological factors and law

(d) needs to be interpreted and under- stood in consonance with elements of environmental conservation and law

97. As a citizen one is supposed to

(a) make a balance between the legal aspects and cultural existence

(b) give a priority to our cultural existence.

(d) know that knowledge about constitutional regulation is an impediment to cultural existence.

98. The above passage deals in

(a) Law and Justice

(b) Legal Literacy

(d) Constitutional Law

99. According to the writer ‘diverse combinatory prowess’ means

(a) A process of evolving a legal and constitutional system of cohesive elements.

(b) A provision of evolving a law of customary practices by avoiding constitutional provisions

(d) A process of combining contrasting elements into a competent legal mechanism

100. Which among the following is closest in meaning to the word ‘resistance’?

(a) conforming

(b) promotion

(d) liberating

ORDERING OF SENTENCES

Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the answer sheet.

101. S1: Mutations are random changes to the base sequence of genes.

S6: Several mutations must occur in the same cell for it to become a tumour cell.

P: This is why mutations in them can result in uncontrolled cell division and therefore tumour formation.

Q: The few genes that can become cancer-causing after mutating are known as oncogenes.

R: Most genes do not cause cancer if they mutate.

S: In a normal cell oncogenes are involved in the control of cell cycle and cell division.

(a) RQSP

(b) QRSP

(d) RPQS

102. S1: For most people, writing is an everyday occurrence.

S6: Nearly all the document types that we use in our daily lives can be created in a word processor.

P: A word processing software provides a general set of tools for entering, editing and formatting text.

Q: Many application programs have been developed to make writing easier and smooth operation.

R: One such most popular program is Word Processor.

S: When computers have affected our life styles and work patterns, this activity is also not left out.

(a) SRQP

(b) SPQR

(d) SPRQ

103. S1: Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision etc.

S6: Depending on the social net- working website, many of these online community members share a common interest such as hobbies, religion, or politics.

P: Although social networking is possible in person, especially in universities, high schools or in the workplace, it is most popular online.

Q: When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used.

R: These websites are known as social sites.

S: Social networking websites function like an online community of Internet users.

(a) PQRS

(b) PRQS

(d) SPQR

104. S1: The principles of enterprise capitalism have been extended far beyond the USA through the impact of economic globalisation.

S6: Such pressures have helped to shape what is sometimes called the ‘new’ political economy.

P: Strong downward pressure has also been exerted on public spending, and particularly welfare budgets.

Q: Moreover the need to promote product and labour flexibility has often led to trade union activity.

R: Globalisation has promoted marketisation in a variety of ways.

S: Governments reduce tax levels in the hope of attracting inward’ investment.

(a) PQSR

(b) SPQR

(d) RSPQ

105. S1: Traditional songs and music form the identity of the tribal culture.

S6: These tribal songs, on one hand, glorified their hero and on the other, inspired their fellow tribes- man to participate in the freedom struggle.

P: The tribal area of Chhatisgarh always resonated with the sound of traditional tribal songs and music.

Q: They reflect tribals’ natural spirit, unconditional love, and innate energy at every stage of their life.

R: Initially, the tribal songs in their dialects, reverberated with the rebellion of their area, and then with the movement that prevalent in the country. was

S: The forest areas and tribal/ settlements of Chhatisgarh, began the revolt against the British at the very beginning of the freedom struggle, much before the urban areas.

(a) QPSR

(b) QRSP

(d) SPQR

106. S1: The social group wider than the family in the social structure of the Gond community is the clan.

S6: It is only the male who automati- cally takes the patronymic on birth, preserves it till death and it is carried forward by his children.

P: The members of the clan believed that they have been descended from a common ancestor.

Q: The clan among the Gonds is a unilateral group consisted of family members of which bear the same clan-name.

R: The clan being patrilineal – a man passes on his clan name to his children

S: The Gonds use the term ‘Pari’ to express their group.

(a) RPQS

(b) SQPR

(d) RQSP

107. S1: The equatorial zone is generally an area of abundant precipitation (over 200 centimetres annually).

S6: It is to be noted that a larger part of the precipitation in this region falls as heavy intermittent convective showers accompanied by thunder and lightning.

P: The ascending air currents become intensified locally in the tropical storms that produce abundant precipitation in the Caribbean, the southwest Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the China Sea.

Q: Over the land areas, most of the precipitation occurs from the thunderstorms that are very frequent and active in the equatorial regions.

R: This high level of precipitation is due to the equatorial belt’s high temperature, high humidity and highly unstable air.

S: The trade winds from both the hemispheres converge and give rise to a general upward motion of air.

(a) RQPS

(b) RSPQ

(d) PSRQ

108. S1: The period branded as the era of the Industrial Revolution was essentially a period of transformation.

S6: This wage was however, not enough to keep the worker properly clothed or fed and thus, the Industrial Revolution could not solve the problem of distribution.

P: A definite polarisation of industrial society between two main classes- capitalists and workers – was visible.

Q: It marked the beginning of the final phase of the broader trans- formation from feudalism to capitalism and capitalism made its presence felt all over the Europe.

R: Actual production in the factories was done by the workers but the workers had very little and so for survival, they were required, to continuously sell this labour power for wages.

S: In the capitalist mode of production the factories and heavy machineries were owned and controlled by the capitalist class.

(a) QRS P

(b) PRSQ

(d) PSQR

109. S1: There exists a close relationship between meteorology and climatology.

S6: First, the meteorological aspect of this discipline examines the process of gain and loss of heat energy by the air layer near the ground, keeping in view the fact that the basic principles apply at any place on the globe. Second, climatological aspect of the discipline examines the global pattern of thermal environment.

P: In other words, it is concerned with the study of the characteristics and behaviour of the atmosphere.

Q: The function of climatology is two-fold.

R: Climatology, on the other hand, is concerned with the discussion of the component elements of climate as well as the factors which determine and control its distribution.

S: Meteorology, the physics of the lower atmosphere, studies the individual phenomenon of the atmosphere.

(a) SPRQ

(b) SQPR

(d) RSPQ

110. S1: Europe was going through a political, social, economic, and cultural transformation in the eighteenth century.

S6: Great Britain emerged victorious in the contest for colonial supremacy in Europe and from that moment Britain concentrated more on her colonial possessions.

P: Thereafter, the European continent had been free from bloody conflicts for about three decades.

Q: This century saw far reaching changes which were to leave behind an enduring legacy.

R: However, the Treaty of Paris could not bring peace to Europe forever.

S: The Treaty of Paris (1763) brought an end to the Seven Years War.

(a) QRSP

(b) QSPR

(d) SQPR

ANTONYMS

Directions: Each item in this section consists of sentences with an underlined word followed by four words or group of words. Select the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the answer sheet accordingly.

111. American Independence was a great blow to the invincible image of Great Britain.

a) vulnerable

(b) impregnable

(d) insurmountable

112. The first step in precipitation is condensation.

(a) constriction

(b) abridgement

(d) evaporation

113. This ushered in a large-scale social, economic, and political transformation.

(a) led

(b) conducted

(d) directed

114. The writer obfuscated the real issue with small details.

(a) mystified

(b) obscured

(d) muddled

115. The horror and abomination of the system of Sati in India was condemned thoroughly.

(a) abhorrence

(b) termination

(d) detestation

116. He was rebuked for his infraction of the discipline.

(a) transgression

(b) observance

(d) acceptance

117. It is the general reaction of some people to denounce any new proposal by enthusiastic professionals.

(a) criticise

(b) censure

(d) appreciate

118. The emperor as a centralised entity indisputably went beyond regional conflicts and fostered a certain mode of elite culture.

(a) cultivated

(b) endorsed

(d) incubated

119. For the aspiring East India Company that looked at every opportunity for expansion and self-aggrandisement, the century had to be projected as one of instability.

(a) humility

(b) exaggeration

(d) elevation

120. There was a combination of agrarian colonising tendencies with the assertion of local landlord power that was able to assimilate pioneer peasants.

(a) insistence

(b) averment

(d) denial

ANSWER KEY

Objectives, ideology, programs, leadership, and organization are important _______ of social movements. They are interdependent, __________ each other.

Correct answer: (b) components
- Explanation: In this sentence, “components” is the most appropriate word to fill the blank because it refers to the essential elements of social movements. These components are interdependent, meaning they influence each other.

The objectives of the movement change from _________ narrow particular local issues to broad aims________.

Correct answer: (c) narrow
- Explanation: The sentence is describing how the objectives of a movement shift from narrow local issues to broader aims, so “narrow” is the appropriate word to fill the blank.

Sometimes a movement which begins with broad objectives may in the process get_______ with one or two particular issues. Ideology also__________ for change.

Correct answers: (c) bogged down, (c) precedes
- Explanation: The sentence suggests that a movement can become overwhelmed or “bogged down” with specific issues. Additionally, “ideology” usually precedes or comes before change, so “precedes” is the correct word.

Various strategies and programmes are evolved to_________ the people. They__________ the movement for a long period.

Correct answers: (b) mobilise, (d) sustain
- Explanation: Strategies and programs are developed to “mobilise” or engage the people, and these efforts are intended to “sustain” the movement over a long period.

Leadership _________ initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement plays a crucial role in________ ideology and objectives, evolving strategies and programmes, and maintaining the spirit of the participant.

Correct answers: (b) which, (c) articulating
- Explanation: The sentence is discussing leadership, so “which” is the correct word to fill the first blank. Leadership plays a crucial role in “articulating” ideology and objectives, among other things.

He persevered___________difficulties.

Correct answer: (d) in spite of
- Explanation: “In spite of” is the correct phrase to indicate persevering despite difficulties.

He walked slowly________his bandaged leg.

Correct answer: (b) because of
- Explanation: “Because of” is the appropriate phrase to indicate the reason for walking slowly.

He accepted the car_________ his claim for 50,000.

Correct answer: (b) in lieu of
- Explanation: “In lieu of” means in place of or as a substitute for something, which makes sense in this context.

I’ll phone you sometime _____the afternoon.

Correct answer: (b) at
- Explanation: “In the afternoon” is the correct phrase to indicate the time when the speaker will make a phone call.

He raised several questions_______ the future of the organization.

Correct answer: (c) concerning
- Explanation: “Concerning” is the appropriate word to indicate the subject of the questions.

Top of Form

He persevered _________ difficulties.
(d) in spite of

Explanation: “In spite of” is the correct phrase to use here to indicate that he continued despite facing difficulties. The other options are not appropriate in this context.

He walked slowly ______ his bandaged leg.
(b) because of

Explanation: “Because of” is used to show the reason for walking slowly. It indicates that his bandaged leg is the cause of his slow pace.

He accepted the car _______ his claim for 50,000.
(b) in lieu of

Explanation: “In lieu of” means “instead of” or “as a substitute for.” So, he accepted the car instead of receiving 50,000 in cash.

I’ll phone you sometime _____ the afternoon.
(c) in

Explanation: “In the afternoon” is the correct phrase to use here to specify the time when the phone call will be made.

He raised several questions _______ the future of the organization.
(c) concerning

Explanation: “Concerning” is used to indicate the subject or topic of the questions. It means he raised questions about the future of the organization.

He is the gentleman whose name is written ______ the board.
(d) on

Explanation: “On the board” is the correct phrase to use when referring to something that is physically written on a surface, in this case, the gentleman’s name on the board.

_______ his negligence, the company suffered a heavy loss.
(c) On account of

Explanation: “On account of” means “because of” or “due to.” It is used to indicate the cause of the company’s heavy loss.

__________ the resistance offered by the culprit, he was arrested by the police.
(d) Considering

Explanation: “Considering” is used here to show that despite the resistance offered by the culprit, he was still arrested by the police. It indicates taking into account the circumstances.

___________ his illness, he could not finish the work on time.
(b) As a consequence of

Explanation: “As a consequence of” means “due to” or “because of.” It indicates that his inability to finish the work on time was a result of his illness.

20._________ rope ladders, they scaled the wall. – (a) By means of

You should (a) read the newspaper regularly (b) to be update with current affairs (c) No error (d) Error: (b) to be update with current affairs Correction: (b) to stay updated with current affairs
Our grandparents (a) will be visited (b) by us this weekend (c) No error (d) No error.
However, the task is from done, (a) particularly in ensuring equity in (b) the distribution of quality education (c) No error (d) Error: (a) the task is from done Correction: (a) the task is far from done
Looking ahead, the university (a) is expunging revenue generation (b) opportunities to add more facilities for students and staff (c) No error (d) Error: (a) is expunging revenue generation Correction: (a) is expanding revenue generation
If you are interested in (a) applying for the job, your application (b) must received by Friday (c) No error (d) Error: (b) must received by Friday Correction: (b) must be received by Friday
Perhaps the biggest threat today (a) is the impact of climate change on food (b) systems and livelihoods of poor farmers (c) No error (d) No error.
In such a volatile global environment, (a) it is heartening that India (b) demonstrated admirable resilence and achieved robust recovery (c) No error (d) Error: (b) demonstrated admirable resilence Correction: (b) has demonstrated admirable resilience
Write an email to your friend (a) expressing you regret for not being able (b) to attend his birthday party (c) No error (d) Error: (a) expressing you regret Correction: (a) expressing your regret
Migrating elephant herds appear like (a) West Bengal so much that they spend more (b) time here than in the neighbouring states from where they cross over (c) No error (d) Error: (a) appear like West Bengal so much Correction: (a) appear to like West Bengal so much
Trucked neatly under the pile of clothes (a) in the cupboard are the letters written (b) by my mother to my father thirty years ago (c) No error (d) Error: (a) Trucked neatly under the pile of clothes Correction: (a) Tucked neatly under the pile of clothes

His views on the matter are utopian. Synonym: (b) ideal
The shortage of funds will render nugatory the implementation of reform policies. Synonym: (c) ineffectual
He first convulsed and then collapsed on the floor. Synonym: (a) shivered
We must not become complacent about the progress of the technology. Antonym: (b) discontented
The employees rejected the derisory pay offer. Synonym: (c) derogatory
They successfully defused the situation. Synonym: (a) mitigated
The business floundered during the pandemic. Synonym: (a) faced many problems
His speeches were models of brevity. Synonym: (b) concision
He was too obtuse to understand the merits of the case. Antonym: (c) quick-witted
No one knew what transpired during the meeting. Synonym: (a) emerged
The correct order is (b) RQPS.
The correct order is (a) PQRS.
The correct order is (c) PRQS.
The correct order is (c) SQRP.
The correct order is (b) SRQP.
The correct order is (b) QPSR.
The correct order is (b) PQSR.
The correct order is (d) PSQR.
The correct order is (a) PSRQ.
The correct order is (c) QRPS
The correct option is (a) Completely different matter.
The correct option is (c) Not taking a decision.
The correct option is (a) Tried hard.
The correct option is (b) Confused.
The correct option is (d) Ability to speak confidently.
The correct option is (a) Change of ownership.
The correct option is (d) Having multiple tasks to complete.
The correct option is (b) Movement of professionals to another country for better prospect.
The correct option is (a) To be in good mental and physical state.
The correct option is (d) Something which I don’t understand.
The underlined word “enthusiastically” is an adverb.
The underlined word “cutlery” is a noun.
The underlined word “slowly” is an adverb.
The underlined word “Oh” is an interjection.
The underlined word “all” is an adverb.
The underlined word “dull” is an adjective.
The underlined word “over” is a preposition.
The underlined word “machines” is a noun.
The underlined word “loosely” is an adverb.
The underlined word “limited” is an adjective.
The correct option is (b) proscription.
The correct option is (b) devastating.
The correct option is (b) leave.
The correct option is (b) behaved.
The correct option is (b) strides.

The correct option is (a) offences. (d) purview Explanation: “Purview” means the scope or range of something, especially the extent of the law’s applicability. In this context, it refers to the coverage or applicability of the act.
(c) premised Explanation: “Premised” means based on or founded upon. In this context, it suggests that the emergence of a sovereign Indian nation was based on the notion of equality.
(a) instil Explanation: “Instil” means to gradually but firmly establish an idea or feeling. In this context, ‘Khongjom Parva’ is said to continue to instil a sense of patriotism.
(b) insistence Explanation: “Insistence” means the act of demanding or asserting something firmly. In this context, it suggests that women’s autobiographies in the post-Independence period can be seen as an assertion or expression of their literary interest.

(c) he will succeed Explanation: The word “diligent” implies hard work and dedication, so the most appropriate completion is that he will succeed.
(c) nobody was hurt Explanation: The sentence mentions that a bomb went off in the city center, but fortunately, indicating that there were no injuries.
(b) has done well Explanation: “Each of the scholars” is singular, so it should be followed by a singular verb, which is “has done well.”
(c) was at home Explanation: “Either of the brothers” is singular, so it should be followed by a singular verb, which is “was at home.”
(d) one’s good name Explanation: The sentence is referring to the importance of protecting one’s reputation or “good name.”
(b) to vote Explanation: “The applicant is the native of this country, so he has the right to vote.”
(a) than he was off again Explanation: This sentence indicates that someone returned and then immediately left again, so “than he was off again” is the correct completion.
(a) wasn’t as bad as we expected Explanation: The sentence is discussing news that was better than expected, so “wasn’t as bad as we expected” is the correct choice.
(c) all my luggage was stolen Explanation: The sentence suggests that all of the luggage was stolen, so “all my luggage was stolen” is the correct completion.
(d) but Jack got up even earlier Explanation: This sentence is comparing waking up times, and “but Jack got up even earlier” is the correct completion.

Comprehension:

(c) Truth is a compulsion sometimes Explanation: The author discusses the compulsion to seek truth even though some people prefer not to confront it.
(b) For the love of lying Explanation: The author mentions that people love lies, not necessarily for advantage, but possibly because they enjoy the act of lying itself.
(a) Pearls versus diamonds Explanation: The author uses the metaphor of pearls versus diamonds to compare the value of truth and lies.
(b) personification Explanation: The phrase “truth is a naked” attributes human characteristics to the concept of truth, which is a form of personification.
(a) There would not be any pleasure in the pursuit of truth Explanation: The author suggests that a mixture of lies and truth adds pleasure to life, implying that without lies, there would be less pleasure in pursuing truth.

Ordering of Sentences:

(a) RQSP Explanation: The sequence begins with the general idea of mutations, moves to the explanation of oncogenes, discusses the role of oncogenes, and ends with the need for mutations for tumor formation.
(b) SPQR Explanation: The passage starts by introducing the prevalence of writing and ends by discussing the impact of computers on writing.
(d) SPQR Explanation: The passage starts by introducing the concept of social networking, goes on to describe online social networking, and ends by discussing the importance of understanding both state law and cultural norms.
(b) SPQR Explanation: The passage begins by discussing the principles of enterprise capitalism and ends by raising questions about resources of legal literacy and justice.
(a) QPSR Explanation: The passage begins by introducing traditional songs and music and goes on to discuss their significance, evolution, and relevance to the freedom struggle.
(a) RPQS Explanation: The passage starts by introducing the concept of clans among the Gond community, describes their characteristics, and ends by explaining the significance of the clan name.
(b) RSPQ Explanation: The passage begins by describing the equatorial zone’s abundant precipitation and ends by discussing the upward motion of air.
(b) PRSQ Explanation: The passage starts by introducing the era of the Industrial Revolution, discusses its characteristics, and ends by mentioning the Treaty of Paris.
(a) SPRQ Explanation: The passage begins by discussing the relationship between meteorology and climatology, describes their functions, and ends by raising questions about legal literacy, law, domination, and resistance.
(d) PSQR Explanation: The passage starts by discussing the transformations in Europe during the eighteenth century and ends by mentioning the Treaty of Paris (1763).

Antonyms:

(a) vulnerable
(d) evaporation
(c) obstructed
(c) illuminated
(c) adoration
(b) observance
(d) appreciate
(c) suppressed
(a) humility
(d) denial

CDS (2) 2023 English Paper & Solution

ByPiyush Goswami

By Piyush Goswami

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